Posted on: 21/04/2022

Home from school and separated from peers during crucial developmental phases, young children and adolescents were clearly among the people most negatively impacted, in various ways, by the pandemic lockdowns. But early indications offer some additional, less-expected observations. Among them are that even before the outbreak hit there had been a trend of rising mental health disorders among young people and that some kids who were already wrestling with emotional issues actually seemed to do better during the pandemic.

Those insights formed part of the discussion by child psychiatric epidemiologist Tamsin Ford on Wednesday, as she addressed “The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children’s Mental Health,” part of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Population Mental Health Forum Series.

This crisis is still too recent for most research to be conclusive, Ford cautioned Karestan Koenen, professor of psychiatric epidemiology at the Chan School and the seminar’s host. In addition, Ford, who is affiliated with University of Cambridge, drew primarily from studies in the U.K.

A series of national surveys funded by the Department of Health in England did provide a baseline for looking at children’s mental health, however. These surveys, done in 1999, 2004, and 2017, revealed some troubling underlying trends. For example, while the physical health of children and young people up to age 24 gradually improved over this period, their mental health declined. “We were seeing a small but statistically significant increase in emotional disorders,” in particular, depression and anxiety. “And this is before we hit the pandemic,” Ford said.

What has happened since is difficult to study. A dearth of studies on children, she said, has been complicated by the problems of conducting research or large-scale surveys during a pandemic. “There’s a real issue in that we didn’t know,” she said. “All our statistical assumptions are based on having a probability sample.”

Ford did share the “sprinkling of intriguing findings,” many not yet published, that she has uncovered. One study of students in England and Wales, for example, found little change in the mental health of students between October 2019, the date of the initial survey, and April 2020, during the first complete lockdown — with one exception. “When you split by mental health pre-pandemic, those who were struggling with depression pre-pandemic were doing better.”

Another U.K. longitudinal study began with a pre-pandemic baseline and then revisited subjects, collecting data monthly through 2020. The initial data from this study suggested those ages 16 to 24 were doing “particularly badly,” experiencing symptoms of anxiety and depression. These issues were worst among those who were living in socioeconomic deprivation, most notably among those who were new to such deprivation, as well as those who were parents of young children.

Other studies zeroed in on particular age groups. One, focusing on children ages 4 to 10, found that the level of lockdown greatly affected mental health and behavioral issues, with England’s first complete lockdown greatly exacerbating issues from hyperactivity to depression.

Another study looked at teens, who may have felt particularly isolated during lockdown. “Peer relationships are so important with older teens,” Ford said. Without these connections, anxiety appeared to spike. More surprising, once schools reopened, Ford recalled hearing reports of fights and bullying. While such reports are anecdotal, she sees a connection. “I imagine after long periods of absence, friendship groups that would have shifted gently” under normal circumstances could have changed “quite abruptly.”

Social media may have meant that older teenagers had “a way of connecting and carrying on relationships, but it’s not the same,” said Ford. “So it wouldn’t surprise me at all if young people are anxious.

“There’s going to be a chunk of children who really struggle to get back into school,” she said, citing peer relationships and bullying. “I don’t think the schools being open is the end of the problem. It brings in some different problems.”

Overall, she concluded, the pandemic had a more severe impact on children and young people already struggling with pre-existing issues from emotional problems to socioeconomic deprivation. These problems aren’t new but “the pandemic is highlighting them and concentrating them in some populations.”

Plus, as that Glasgow study hinted, counter to expectations, some children and young adults with pre-existing mental health conditions seem to do better because of the pandemic lockdowns. “People talked about escaping from bullying,” said Ford. “They talked about repairing or improved relationships at home.” She cited responses such as “I’m sleeping better” or “I’m eating better.”

“Initially everybody was stressed and anxious, but those who could work from home, who had enough devices, and had access to the internet, they coped and began to value having more time together as a family and got into a virtuous cycle,” she said. Those who lacked resources — from food to computer tablets for at-home students — or who were already dealing with domestic violence or abuse, did worse under lockdown.

“We were all in the same storm, but we weren’t in the same boat,” she said.

Original article: https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2022/04/early-snapshot-of-pandemics-impact-on-childrens-mental-health/ 

PUBLISHED: 23:59, 18 April 2022 | UPDATED: 07:33, 26 April 2022

The number of children and young people needing mental health support has hit an 'unprecedented' high after surging by more than half after the start of lockdown.

There were 395,369 referrals to NHS Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services between April and October last year, a rise of 52 per cent on 2020. Lockdown began on March 23, 2020, with most restrictions in England ending in July 2021.

Official figures also showed an increase in emergency referrals to crisis care teams, which handle the most serious cases. These were up by 28% in 2021 compared to 2019, before the pandemic.

Mental health charity YoungMinds, which uncovered the data, said record demand combined with a lack of funding for vital NHS services meant many families were not getting the help they needed.

YoungMinds saw the number of calls to its email, web chat and crisis text line – for children and young people up to the age of 25 - rise by almost half (48%) between 2019 and last year.

The charity is calling for a nationwide rollout of early support hubs for under 25s.

YoungMinds volunteer Bruno, 24, struggled with his mental health at school and believes he would have benefitted from the service.

'I left education at 18 feeling I had failed after a lack of support from my school and the NHS,' he said.

'Having reached the age of 18 and been on the waiting list for NHS mental health support for two years, I was moved to the adult waiting list, only to begin the long waiting times once again.

'If the last two years have taught us anything, it's that we must be mindful and supportive of those around us.

'Therefore, a range of measures that support young people and our mental health in different parts of our lives, not just at school, will not only benefit us but society as a whole.'

The Royal College of Psychiatrists is one of many groups to speak out on the 'devastating' impact of Covid on youngsters' mental health, calling the current situation 'alarming'.

One in six children aged 6 to 19 now have a 'probable mental disorder', the Mental Health of Children and Young People in England Survey found in 2021.

The NHS study revealed 58.2% of 17 to 19 year olds had possible eating problems (up from 44.6% in 2017) while over half (57.2%) of those aged 17 to 23 were having issues sleeping.

One counsellor working in south-west London, who asked not to be named for professional reasons, said lockdown had 'definitely' had an impact on her clients, who are mainly children and young people.

'This is due to a variety of reasons, and of course these vary according to individual circumstances, but the most common factors include decreased social contact and opportunity for sport and other activities, an unfavourable environment for working or studying at home, difficulties focusing online, excessive screen time disrupting sleep, and general health anxiety around Covid,' she told MailOnline.

Sarah, not her real name, is one of thousands of parents who have seen their children struggle to cope during lockdown.

The mother, whose teenage daughter relapsed into anorexia during the pandemic, said: 'Covid has been devastating for my daughter and for our family.

'She has anorexia and was discharged from an inpatient unit last year, but the disruption to her normal routines and socialising really affected her recovery.

'She was spending a lot less time doing the things she enjoys and a lot more time alone with her thoughts.

'Unfortunately, she relapsed, becoming so unwell she was admitted to hospital and sectioned.

'After 72 days in hospital with no specialist eating disorder bed becoming available, we brought her home where I had to tube feed her for ten weeks.

'My daughter urgently needed specialist help for this life-threatening illness, but services are completely overwhelmed because so many young people need help. It's a terrifying situation for patients and families to be in.'

Olly Parker, head of external affairs at YoungMinds, said: 'We know from parents who have been using our helpline and other services how hard life has been for many children over the last year,' he said.

'Even before the pandemic, many young people struggled to access support from mental health services.

'But those services are now facing unprecedented demand and the reality is too many young people and families just can't get the help they need.

'The evidence is clear that a greater range of mental health support for young people must be made available.'

Original article:

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10676899/Mental-health-referrals-children-surge-HALF.html